Woman with flu in bed, she use thermometer to measure temperature

Colds and flu are common this time of year.  Covid cases are also on the rise again.  People are more likely to spread these respiratory illnesses during the colder months because they spend more time indoors.  Viruses tend to spread more easily in smaller spaces with drier air.  Recent studies have shown that the nasal cavity is more sensitive to cold temperatures, and there may be a weaker immune response to respiratory viruses.  During the holiday season, people may find themselves in crowded places such as shopping malls, parties, and special events where they may be exposed to those who are ill.

What causes colds?

The common cold can be caused by over 200 different viruses, with rhinovirus being the most common.  These viruses generally affect the upper respiratory tract, causing inflammation of the membranes that line the nose, throat, and sinuses.  Colds are easily spread through airborne droplets when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or touches a surface that someone else then touches.  Colds generally cause mild illness.

What causes flu?

man sick on couch with flu

Flu is caused by influenza viruses.  It can cause mild to severe illness that affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.  Symptoms of flu come on suddenly and can include sore throat, runny nose, headache, fever, muscle aches, chills, dry cough, and shortness of breath.  Influenza viruses also spread through tiny droplets.  Young children, seniors, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly at risk for serious illness.  The best way to prevent flu is by getting an annual flu vaccine.

What causes covid?

Covid-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a corona virus.  Covid can attack the respiratory system and lungs.  It is very contagious and spreads quickly.  Symptoms resemble those of the cold, flu, or pneumonia.  Some people suffer only mild illness while others become severely ill.  A Covid-19 test is used to diagnose the illness.  Vaccines are available to help prevent severe complications.

When should I see a doctor?

People with a cold can usually treat their symptoms at home.  People with flu symptoms should be tested for flu.  Antiviral medications can be prescribed to help shorten the flu and prevent complications.  People who test positive for covid but have only mild symptoms may be able to recover at home.  Paxlovid may be prescribed for those who are at higher risk for severe illness.  People who are having difficulty breathing should go to the emergency room.

RMD Primary Care

The physicians at RMD Primary Care recommend that patients get an annual flu shot and stay up to date on covid vaccines.  If you have tested negative for covid but think you may have the flu, contact our office.