Young diabetic patient teenage woman using applicator to attach glucose sensor on arm.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body is unable to process sugar as it should.  In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas makes little or no insulin.  In type 2 diabetes, the body is unable to use insulin as it should.  Type 2 diabetes is much more common and often affects people in middle age and older.  People with diabetes must manage their condition and carefully monitor their blood sugar levels to avoid serious complications.

The following are five common complications of diabetes:

Heart Disease (cardiovascular disease)

senior man with heart disease

Heart disease is one of the most common complications of diabetes.  It not only affects the heart but also the blood vessels.  People with type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease than those without diabetes.  Blood vessels will eventually stiffen and narrow, decreasing blood flow.  Decreased blood flow to the heart can cause a heart attack, and a decrease of blood flow to the brain can cause a stroke.

Kidney Disease

Diabetes that is not well controlled can lead to diabetic nephropathy.  The blood vessels in the kidneys become damaged and do not filter waste as they should.  This can allow fluid to build up in parts of the body, leading to swelling of the arms, legs, feet, and lungs.  End-stage kidney disease may require dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Diabetic Retinopathy

This condition causes vision loss and blindness as the blood vessels in the retina are affected.  The risk increases the longer the person has had diabetes.  Damaged blood vessels in the eye can actually leak fluid or blood.

It’s important for diabetics to get a comprehensive eye exam annually including dilation of the eyes.  There may not be noticeable symptoms in the early stages of the disease, but early detection can help prevent vision loss.

Diabetic Neuropathy

This is a type of nerve damage that can occur with diabetes.  Symptoms can include pain and numbness in the feet, legs, hands, and other parts of the body.  Diabetic neuropathy can be painful and disabling, and the damage cannot be reversed. 

Foot Complications

Diabetes can cause nerve damage and poor circulation.  People may develop serious foot problems including infections, ulcers, bone and joint damage.  Ulcers and infections may be slow to heal.  There may be yellowing of the toenails.  If blood flow is cut off, tissue will die.  This complication can lead to amputations of the toes or foot.

RMD Primary Care

Our physicians at RMD Primary Care help patients manage their diabetes.  We recommend eating a healthy, balanced diet and maintaining a healthy weight.  Following a daily regimen of exercise and healthy physical activity is important.  Medication may be necessary to control the condition and prevent long-term complications.  Contact us to schedule an appointment with one of our providers.